Other areas of science

Hello everyone, and I am going to be delving into other areas of science such as  biology, chemistry, and engineering. I hope to tie these all together somehow into physics, and to blog about them separately, though scientific disciplines cannot be strictly independent of each other they all tie into each other somehow.

USG Kellion

The USG Kellion is the shuttle that takes Isaac Clarke, and his crew to the USG Ishimura in the game dead space. Now the USG Kellion is fascinating in that the back part appears to have a disposable ShockPoint Drive which is used for faster than light travel. This small shuttle is compact, and is very maneuverable. I wonder that in the future what type of spacecraft will be developed, and whether or not there will be any disposable FTL drives that are attached to it though of course I am sure that the ShockPoint Drive is kept on there for as long as it can be used. I just find it cool that this small shuttle can make it all the way across the universe in a matter of seconds by going into shock space.

Planet Crackers?

Now this is entirely science fiction at the moment I was just speculating on the possibility of the planet cracker class starships that are found within the Dead Space universe. It seems to me though that if we ever become an interstellar civilization that planet crackers would be the best way to gather resources for humanity. Though it seems that it will not be technologically feasible until we are at least a type 2 civilization on the Kardashev Scale. The rather interesting thing about Planet Crackers is their gravity tethers which are powerful enough to remove significant portions of a planet's mass. I wonder how such a device could be created. Anyway I love the idea of planet crackers, and I hope that perhaps in the far future humanity will develop them.

Teleportation

I like the idea of teleportation in that you can deconstruct an object at the quantum level, and reconstruct it an unspecified amount of space away. I would not however use this on myself as the original me would be destroyed, and another version of myself would be constructed. This is a problem because strictly speaking I would be dead. Though I hope there is a solution to this problem where one does not have to be destroyed, and reconstructed. We will have to wait, and see because there is research into teleportation, and scientists predict that by the 2030s they will be able to teleport small organic molecules, and by the 2089s should be able to teleport large scale objects. So this research into teleportation should offer a solution along the way that would keep the original individual from being destroyed because teleportation would no doubt play a role in transport, and medicine.

Consciousness

Consciousness is perhaps the most puzzeling phenomenon that can be observed in the universe. It is a subject that has eluded even the most brilliant minds. The question is how can science which is about studying the physical world study something that is entirely subjective. Consciousness is such a complex topic where does it come from, and where does it go upon death. Roger Penrose world renowned physicist believes that consciousness is a part of the fabric of reality itself in his Orch-OR theory or orchestrated objective reduction theory in which he believes that once consciousness detaches itself from the brain it returns to the fabric of space, and time. Though this theory cannot currently be disproved it does not give definitive answers as to what consciousness is. Another hard problem is how the brain which is a quantum computer unify knowledge into conscious perception which is called the binding problem. Many scientists believe that gamma waves play an important part in the binding of information with conscious perception. The blue brain project aims to reverse engineer the human brain by 2025 when this is accomplished it may be possible to understand what consciousness is, and where it comes from. Though there is always the possibility that consciousness may never be fully understood.

ITER

ITER an acronym that stands for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor which is the largest experimental fusion reactor in the world, and one of the largest and most complex scientific projects ever undertaken. The goal of this project is to help commercialize nuclear fusion, and to actually achieve fusion. To date no man made fusion device has produced a watt of electric power. Despite all the optimism dating back to the 1950s, and all the research that has taken place since then nuclear fusion still eludes of the mathematics behind it are extremely complex not to mention the materials science required for constructing a nuclear fusion reactor. One of the major challenges of ITER is the confinement of plasma at over 160 million degrees, and holding it in the tokamak without it touching the wall because if it touches the reactor wall it will disintegrate it. Currently there is research under way to discover a wall can be constructed to withstand the tremendous heat, and pressure of nuclear fusion reactors. The first plasma of ITER is expected in 2019, and if it is successful it will be the first man made fusion device to produce power. The successor to ITER is going to be DEMO which stands for DEMOnstration reactor which will make upgrades, and apply the new knowledge learned from ITER to DEMO. Hopefully it will work because nuclear fusion is humanity's energy for the future.

Gamma Waves

Gamma waves are a pattern of neural oscillation that has a frequency of typically 40 Hz. Gamma waves are recognized as an important type of neural oscillation in that among popular theories the main belief posits that gamma waves play a major role in creation of unity in conscious experience. Which means that gamma waves may be the thing that our consciousness is constructed out of. Gamma waves do play a major role in conscious attention. Study shows that there is a relation between Tibetan Buddhist transcendental meditation, and gamma waves. Which could suggest that gamma waves play an important role in religious and spiritual experiences. Though research is ongoing, and perhaps as technology advances, and our fundamental understanding of the human brain grows we will eventually be able to explain gamma waves relation to the brain.

Biophysics

Biophysics is a branch of physics that deals with the natural phenomenon of life specifically the human body. The human body is a fascinating topic especially when physics is applied to it. Physics is especially used in the fields of neuroscience, neurology, and neurosurgery. The brain emits waves from gamma to beta waves, and delta to theta. These waves have been used in theories about the mind, and about consciousness. The nature of consciousness is a mystery that has eluded man for centuries what makes us conscious, and how does our brain unify information into conscious experience. Some theories posit that gamma waves play a major role in the unification/binding problem of information within the brain, and integrates it within conscious experience. So physics is especially important in the field of neuroscience, and the study of the human brain.

Chaos Theory

Chaos Theory is a branch of mathematics that is currently being developed, and is theoretical in it's nature. It studies the chaotic phenomenon of the universe, and describes these phenomenon via mathematical equations. Many mathematical equations within chaos theory are extremely complex. One example of chaos would be the butterfly effect. It appears that chaos is necessary to have order it seems to create a balance within the universe. Ludwig Boltzmann proposed the idea of boltzmann brains which are hypothetical conscious/sentient entities that arise from the chaos of the universe. Logically speaking humanity is essentially a boltzmann brain, because we arose from the chaos of evolution over the periods of billions of years since the first cells arose, and since natural selection which is chaotic caused the destruction of some genes, and the flourishing of others. Humanity seems to have met the qualifications of being boltzmann brains though technically there are no set requirements we just emerged from the chaos of organic evolution. So chaos is essential to life to order, and to the balance of everything that exists within our universe. If the multiverse theory is true chaos theory is applicable to it the number of universes that constantly are destroyed, and the number of universes that are constantly created symbolizes chaos because out of destruction comes new life. So chaos theory is fundamental to the forces of nature to operate, and are paramount to the laws of physics of this universe or any other.

Cold Fusion

Cold Fusion is nuclear fusion at room temperature or below room temperature. Such forms of fusion has been studied though not extensively enough in my opinion to be classified the way cold fusion is. Mainstream science classifies cold fusion as a pathological science indicating that it is a dead end, and they believe there is no way that cold fusion could ever become a reality. Well I think that cold fusion is a worthwile subject to research I think that all types of fusion should be researched. Though cold fusion is most likely extremely complex even more so than thermonuclear fusion the mathematics, and science required to construct a device that operates using cold fusion must be mind blowing. I think that if certain scientists gather enough support cold fusion would become an major active area of research again. As for now cold fusion remains a topic that is researched only by individual scientists or small groups of scientists.

Loop Quantum Gravity?

I have taken a look at loop quantum gravity, and have pondered whether or not that this theory might be better than string theory because it defines the quantum composition of gravity and time. As the geometry of space-time is the manifestation of gravity which is thought to be caused by the graviton which is only hypothetical, and if it does exist is thought to be massless. In order to detect a graviton it is hypothesized that you would need the best possible detector with a mass the size of Jupiter placed in close orbit around a neutron star, and maybe under the most favorable conditions once every ten years would you be able to detect a few gravitons. Though loop quantum gravity does present a major unanswered question in physics. So let me know what you think is better loop quantum gravity or string theory?

Nuclear Fusion

This is one of my topics in nuclear physics which is an active area of research called nuclear fusion. Nuclear fusion it could supply humanity with virtually unlimited energy yet for over half a century it has eluded us. The mathematics for fusion is rather complex. I encourage viewers to do research on ITER or International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor. This is going to be turned on in 2019 which is when the first plasma is expected. The plasma will be confined in the tokamak which is a device that magnetically confines plasma, and inside the plasma is heated to over 160 million degrees. If the ITER is successful then mankind has successfully achieved Nuclear Fusion. Using only lithium from seawater we would have enough energy to last humanity for 60 million years. Then using a more complicated fusion process using only deuterium from seawater then humanity would have enough energy to last humanity for 150 billion years. So fusion is the energy source for the future.

Quantum Field Theory

Quantum field theory is an active area of research within theoretical physics. It is provides a framework for constructing systems that involve the use of quantum mechanics. Though quantum field theory currently is completely incomprehensible because the numbers come out as infinite decimal percentages when it's supposed to explain natural phenomenon. Though some argue that nature has an infinite number of layers we now know that nature has a finite amount of layers. Some principles of quantum field theory are Newtonian gravitation, and Lagrangian Mechanics. It involes complex mathematical problems, and requires a thorough understanding of quantum mechanics to understand the basics of quantum field theory.

The Multiverse Theory

The Multiverse theory is a rather complex one as it deals with the notion of multiple universes outside of our own. Though this theory is completely contradictorial to Occam's Razor because Occam's Razor would state that the mutliverse makes to many assumptions by trying to explain our own universe with the concept of multiple universes. The multivers holds many different universes, and universes are continuously are created, and destroyed. The mutliverse contains the metaverse which holds the branes which are attached to the universe, and holds them together therefore it is the glue of the multiverse. Another part of the mutliverse theory is the concept of the xenoverse which are the alien elements completely unknown to us that exist outside the whole multiverse. Then it goes on to the hyperverse which are multiple xenoverses. Then finally it gets to the omniverse which is an infinite number of universes with an infinite number of different laws of physics. The theory is rather complex though I find it more believable than the many worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics.

Zero-Energy Universe Hypothesis

Hello there, and today I am going to talk about the Zero Energy-Universe Hypothesis which is rather strange, and complex. alright to start off the zero-energy universe hypothesis states that the total amount of energy in the universe is exactly zero. This is the case when view from the point of view of a pseudo-tensor which incorporates the energy momentum of gravity. So the positive energy in the form of matter is canceled out by the negative energy in the form of gravity. Therefore hypothetically speaking this type of universe would last forever, and would have been able to build itself from nothing. Though the nothing which science speaks of is probably the quantum vacuum because the human mind cannot comprehend absolute nothingness just like the human mind cannot comprehend infinity. Virtual particles continually pop into, and out of existence in the quantum vacuum which gives scientific credence to the notion of a whole universe coming from the quantum vacuum. Note that this hypothesis does not state where the quantum vacuum comes from so any theories on that are as of yet open to speculation. So in this hypothesis the zero-energy universe was born from quantum fluctuations described by the quantum uncertainty principle. So I would like to ask if anyone has any theories on the zero-energy universe hypothesis?

String Theory

Hello, and today I am going to be talking about String Theory which is an active area of research in particle physics. String Theory is also a potential candidate for a theory of everything (ToE) which aims to explain all natural phenomenon, and predict the outcomes of any scientific experiment. To start it off String Theory posits that the quarks, and electrons inside of an atome are not 0-dimensional objects, but that the electrons and quarks are actually composed of 1-dimensional strings. These strings oscillate causing particles to have their mass, charge, and spin. String Theory also predicts a massless state known as the graviton. This makes String Theory a quantum theory of gravity. String Theory also includes branes which are endpoints for Strings. Along with branes String Theory also includes 11 dimensions in the universe instead of the known 4. All of these theories are what makes string theory a potential candidate for a theory of everything. This is it for today on String Theory we will discuss more about it later.

Black Holes

Hello there and welcome back to topics in theoretical physics today I am going to be talking about black holes, and their structure and relation to the universe, and other celestial objects. Black holes are formed by the gravitational collapse of stars. This happens because the star exhausts all of it's energy. Then it collapses back into itself, and becomes a black hole. The gravitational pull of black holes are so strong that not even light can escape it if an object crosses the event horizon of a black hole there is no known way for it to come back it will move closer, and closer to the black hole until it is pulled in the. When objects are pulled into a black hole they undergo a process called spaghettification also called the noodle effect because the gravitational pull from the black hole is so strong that it rips, and pulls matter into noodle like strands. Then once inside the black hole the matter is compressed to infinite density in the gravitational singularity. This region is where the laws of physics breaks down, and time and space are stretched to the breaking point. No one has ever observed the gravitational singularity, and the conditions there are completely unknown, and left to speculation. Some theories about black holes, and their relation to the universe and other celestial objects is that some theories posit that the matter pulled into the black holes actually comes out in a white hole which is a hypothetical region of space where matter, and light cannot enter, but can leave which makes it the opposite of a black hole. When the matter comes here some theories posit that the matter that was compressed in the singularity to infinite density has fluctuations to where another big bang occurs, and therefore another universe created. Then another theory states that the matter pulled into a black hole does not go out of existence instead it posits that matter is composed of information, and that information is stored across the surface of the black hole instead of that information going out of existence. This concludes todays discussion on black holes.

Theoretical Physics Subjects

 

Hello my name is Rusty Burton, and I am going to be blogging about topics in theoretical physics. I will talk about such topics as string theory, and superstring theory along with quantum mechanics. I would also gladly accept any ideas or suggestions on what to blog about. I hope to delve into heavy detail the complex structure of quantum mechanics, and discuss possible candidates for a theory of everything ToE. Other fascinating topics I will delve into will be things like the multiverse, and the xenoverse. I hope this blog is intellectually stimulating, and that the viewers may gain greater knowledge in physics along with the hope that I myself will gain a great amount of knowledge from the viewers.